In this framework, apple is the edible fruit of the species Malus domestica named by Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen in 1803, the common apple tree. The presence of the cyanogenic compound amygdalin was detected in apple pomaces that contained seeds accompanied with a higher content of phloretin and phloridzin but a lower content of flavan-3-ols.īioprospecting to recover wastes of natural origins is a very tangible proposal in different sectors, from the agronomic to forest management as well as for marine by-product valorization to address a transition from a linear to a circular economy model. Among all the apple pomace analyzed, that of the variety Gala had the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Phloretin and phloridzin accounted for 7 to 32% of the total phenolic compounds in the apple pomaces. Further, it was carried out using a comparison between different apple pomaces with or without seeds extracted by the optimal conditions. The validity of the model was confirmed by ANOVA. The responses evaluated were the sum of phenolic compounds, phloretin and phloridzin measured by HPLC–MS-ESI-TOF, and antioxidant activity measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. We used a Box–Behnken design of 15 experiments with 3 independent factors (ethanol (%), time (min) and amplitude (%)). Thus, this research focuses on the establishment of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of total phenolic compounds, focusing on phloretin and phloridzin, with high antioxidant activity from apple pomace, using a sonotrode. Apple pomace is the main by-product from apple processing in the juice industry and is considered a source of polyphenols with several health bioactivities.
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